Riemann sums — defining the integral
The definite integral as a limit of Riemann sums: a 3D column landscape under the curve, five example functions, choice of sample points (lower/upper/left/midpoint/right sum), a "refine" animation (columns grow ever thinner). Two singularity special cases show: for 1/√x the integral exists despite the pole, for 1/x² the sum grows beyond all bounds — the limit does not exist.
Analysis (one-dimensional)Try it