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Modern Logistics Experience it live.

Hyperloop, autonomous vehicles, warehouses and conveyors: logistics as interactive simulation.

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Hyperloop (3D)

A pod in a partial-vacuum tube, levitating magnetically and driven by a linear motor. Pressure, speed and blockage ratio control the drag live: at high pressure and with a large pod the air piles up ahead of the nose (Kantrowitz limit), and only vacuum and a slim pod make it efficient. In the bend the pod tilts, and if the radius is too tight the lateral acceleration is exceeded. Plus a comparison of energy and travel time with truck, freight rail and air freight.

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Autonomous traffic in logistics systems (3D)

A hub-to-hub route with autonomous Level 4 trucks: in the platoon the following truck saves clearly more fuel than the leader, and the savings grow as the gap shrinks. Roadworks, heavy rain or an exit into the city take the platoon to the edge of its ODD — there autonomy ends with a handover or a minimal risk manoeuvre, and the technical supervisor decides. Plus lead time with and without driving-time rules.

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Warehouse of the future (3D)

A warehouse in four stages: manual, AMR fleet, goods-to-person with cube storage and conveyor, and humanoids in the gaps. The scene rebuilds visibly per stage; metrics show picks per hour, staff, investment, rebuild and flexibility. Humanoids take over the handovers conveyor → AMR and empty totes without a rebuild, but per movement they are slower than people and special systems.

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Bottleneck & throughput (3D)

A 3D production line with five stations shows that the bottleneck alone sets throughput: speeding up other stations only grows inventory and lead time. Drum-buffer-rope ties material release to the bottleneck and lowers inventory at the same throughput.

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Stock & service level

A live simulation of the reorder point system: safety stock, reorder point and stockouts respond to service level, demand and lead time variability. The curve shows why the last percentage points of service level tie up disproportionate stock and capital.

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ICE network · Understanding delays

Explore 623 real ICE trips on a detailed Germany map. Simulate incidents, queue delays and dwell recovery, with timetable comparison and AI tutor control.

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Phantom traffic jam — jam waves out of nowhere (3D)

22 cars on a ring road: above a critical density a brief braking turns into a jam wave that travels backwards. Space-time and fundamental diagrams show why tailgating lowers the flow and why a few ACC cars smooth out the waves.

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Conveyor atlas 3D

14 continuous conveyors as a 3D exhibition, each with moving goods. Filters for goods, position, accumulation and drive dim the conveyors that do not match, and a jam test shows the difference between accumulating and non-accumulating conveyors. In unit-load mode you pack small load carriers onto a Euro pallet and see the area used.

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AGV fleet sizing

The AGV exercise to work through: loaded and empty trips, handling and waiting add up to the total working time and from it the number of vehicles. Two platforms simulate single transports and accompanying transport side by side; the calculation shows every step with from-to matrix and formulas, plus the break-even processing time.

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AGV navigation 3D

An automated guided vehicle drives the same hall with five navigation methods from VDI 2510: inductive guide wire, magnetic or colour tape, laser with reflectors, dead reckoning with floor markers and SLAM. Put a person in the way or move a station and compare which method keeps going without rebuilding. With safety scanner, error ellipse, lidar map and a VDA 5050 message log.

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Palletising cell 3D

A palletising cell with infeed, robot, gripper, Euro pallet and outfeed for three case studies: cans, crates and parcels. Kinematics, gripper, stacking pattern, double station and sequencing buffer are selectable; cycle time, capacity against target, pallet change, floor space and feasibility are computed live.

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Sorting system 3D

A unit-load sorting system like in a parcel hub, from the swap body via weighing, singulation and the scanner tunnel to the chutes. Topology (line, loop, circle), sorter technology (cross-belt, tilt-tray, shoe, pusher) and induction are switchable. A capacity chain shows which area limits the sorting rate: usually induction and identification, rarely the sorter.

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Tugger train planner 3D

Example 1 from VDI 5586 in 3D: a tugger train supplies 20 line-side locations on four assembly lines from the supermarket, with coupled or decoupled loading and push or pull (kanban card, e-kanban, call button). Live figures show cycle time, train and driver utilisation, order delay and stock-outs, even while the train still has room.

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Robot kinematics & workspace (3D)

The five basic kinematics in L/O/R/T/V joint notation as 3D industrial robots: gantry (LOO), cylindrical (TLO), polar (TRL), SCARA (VRO) and articulated arm (TRR). Sweeping the joint limits builds the workspace as a point cloud with its hull. A second mode uses a target to show that a robot can be highly repeatable and still inaccurate.

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Control loop lab: cruise control on a hill

A cruise control drives up the same hill three times: with a fixed pedal, with feed-forward and with feedback control. The plot keeps one comparison curve per strategy, and the block diagram lights up setpoint, controller, actuator, plant, sensor and feedback live. With unknown load or headwind only the closed loop holds the speed.

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Flow lab: throughput, WIP, cycle time

A four-station line with yield loss in 3D: utilisation u = λ · t per station, and the bottleneck moves from station 2 to station 4 as yield loss falls. Two live cards show cycle time over utilisation (Kingman/VUT) and Little’s law from a discrete-event simulation, right up to an unstable system.

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Evaluating automation: LCCA, NPV, payback

Life-cycle cost analysis of a palletising automation following the lecture’s case study: equivalent headcount, annual cost comparison, net cash flow with the depreciation tax shield, and NPV at the real rate from the Fisher equation. The cumulative discounted cash flow shows the payback period against the logistics threshold of 2–3 years; a positive NPV alone is not enough.

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